Suchergebnisse

Quelle histoire ! Des chevaux et des nègres, des nègres et des chevaux ! » : telle est déjà la conclusion de Samuel Coleridge, peut-être l'un des premiers auteurs traitant de l'esclavage à avoir rassemblé les avis de recherche concernant les marrons (et les chevaux) pour — dans son cas — mettre le système en accusation. Plus récemment, de nombreuses études ont porté sur des populations coloniales de marrons. Mais elles aussi ont sans doute été inspirées, en partie au moins, par la politique, car l'évasion y est largement conçue comme un acte de résistance. Aucune ne tente de faire le lien entre la communauté des fugitifs et l'ensemble de la population servile ; aucune n'examine convenablement l'importance des formes de mobilité des esclaves pour comprendre leur culture. Notre travail vise à combler cette double lacune. Le nombre, le lieu de naissance et l'activité permettent d'évaluer la représentativité de la population des esclaves fugitifs. Le nombre de marrons signalés dans les journaux de la Caroline du Sud à l'époque coloniale est impressionnant, si on le compare à celui des journaux de Virginie pour l'ensemble du xviiie siècle (tableau 1). Ce qui frappe aussi, c'est le fait que ces 5 599 marrons ne représentent qu'une faible proportion du nombre réel d'esclaves fugitifs.

Jews and crypto-Jews in the Atlantic world systems, 1500-1800 / Jonathan Israel -- Jewish history in an age of Atlanticism / Adam Sutcliffe -- Networks of colonial entrepreneurs: the founders of the Jewish settlements in Dutch America, 1650s and 1660s / Wim Klooster -- English markets, Jewish merchants, and Atlantic endeavors: Jews and the making of British transatlantic commercial culture, 1650-1800 / Holly Snyder -- La Nación amongst the nations: Portuguese, and other maritime trading diasporas in the Atlantic, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries / Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert -- Sephardic merchants in the early modern Atlantic and beyond: toward a comparative historical approach to business cooperation / Francesca Trivellato -- Jews and new Christians in Dutch Brazil 1630-1654 / Bruno Feitler -- A matriarchal matter: slavery, conversion, and upward mobility in Suriname's Jewish community / Aviva Ben-Ur -- Catholics, Jews and Muslims in early seventeenth-century Guiné / Peter Mark and José da Silva Horta-- These Indians are Jews!: Lost tribes, crypto-Jews, and Jewish self-fashioning in Antonio de Montezino's Relación of 1644 / Ronnie Perelis

The present state of Atlantic history / Philip D. Morgan and Jack P. Greene -- The Atlantic Ocean and Its contemporary meanings, 1492-1808 / Joyce E. Chaplin -- The Spanish Atlantic system / Kenneth J. Andrien -- The Portuguese Atlantic, 1415-1808 / A.J.R. Russell-Wood -- The British Atlantic / Trevor Burnard -- The French Atlantic / Laurent Dubois -- The Dutch Atlantic : from provincialism to globalism / Benjamin Schmidt -- Indigenous America and the limits of the Atlantic world, 1493-1825 / Amy Turner Bushnell -- Africa and the Atlantic, c. 1450 to c. 1820 / Philip D. Morgan -- Europe and the Atlantic / Carla Rahn Phillips -- From Atlantic history to a continental approach / Peter H. Wood -- Hemispheric history and Atlantic history / Jack P. Greene -- Atlantic history and global history / Nicholas Canny -- Beyond Atlantic history / Peter A. Coclanis

Arming slaves as soldiers is a counterintuitive idea. Yet throughout history, in many varied societies, slaveholders have entrusted slaves with the use of deadly force. This book is the first to survey the practice broadly across space and time, encompassing the cultures of classical Greece, the early Islamic kingdoms of the Near East, West and East Africa, the British and French Caribbean, the United States, and Latin America.To facilitate cross-cultural comparisons, each chapter addresses four crucial issues: the social and cultural facts regarding the arming of slaves, the experience of slave soldiers, the ideological origins and consequences of equipping enslaved peoples for battle, and the impact of the practice on the status of slaves and slavery itself. What emerges from the book is a new historical understanding: the arming of slaves is neither uncommon nor paradoxical but is instead both predictable and explicable

Sea and Land provides an in-depth environmental history of the Caribbean to ca. 1850, comprising a close examination of some of the central forces and characteristics that defined the region, with a coda that takes the story into the modern era. It explores the mixing, movement, and displacement of peoples and the parallel ecological mixing of animals, plants, microbes from Africa, Europe, elsewhere in the Americas, and indeed Asia. It examines first the arrival of Native American to the region and the environmental transformations that followed. It then turns to the even more dramatic changes that accompanied the arrival of Europeans and Africans in the fifteenth century. Throughout it argues that the constant arrival, dispersal, and mingling of new plants and animals gave rise to a creole ecology. Particular attention is given to the emergence of black slavery, sugarcane, and the plantation system, an unholy trinity that thoroughly transformed the region's demographic and physical landscapes and made the Caribbean a vital site in the creation of the modern western world. This volume integrates research concerning natural resources, conservation, epidemiology, and climate in a new general environmental history of the region. It makes environmental perspectives more accessible and more indispensable, to scholars and students alike, to foster both a fuller appreciation of the extent to which environmental factors shaped historical developments in the Caribbean and the extent to which human actions have transformed the biophysical environment of the region over time.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations and Tables -- The Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Introduction. Scotland and Transatlantic Slavery -- 1. Lost to History -- 2. Yonder Awa: Slavery and Distancing Strategies in Scottish Literature -- 3. Early Scottish Sugar Planters in the Leeward Islands, c. 1660-1740 -- 4. The Scots Penetration of the Jamaican Plantation Business -- 5. 'The habits of these creatures in clinging one to the other': Enslaved Africans, Scots and the Plantations of Guyana -- 6. The Great Glasgow West India House of John Campbell, senior, & Co. -- 7. Scottish Surgeons in the Liverpool Slave Trade in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries -- 8. Scotland and Colonial Slave Ownership: The Evidence of the Slave Compensation Records -- 9. 'The Upas Tree, beneath whose pestiferous shade all intellect languishes and all virtue dies': Scottish Public Perceptions of the Slave Trade and Slavery, 1756-1833 -- 10. 'The most unbending Conservative in Britain': Archibald Alison and Pro-slavery Discourse -- 11. Did Slavery make Scotia Great? A Question Revisited -- Conclusion: History, Scotland and Slavery -- Index